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Paper · 2311.11321 · 2023

Bounds on Representation-Induced Confounding Bias for Treatment Effect Estimation

arXiv · PDF · Open in the Atlas

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We lifted 3 functions out of this paper's own repositories and ran 2 of them in a sandbox. "Ran" means the function executed on a synthesized input and returned a value. It is not a reproduction of the paper's results.

RepositoryRoleRan
valentyn1997/ricb canonical 2 of 3
FunctionStatusWhere it lives
mmd_dist Ran valentyn1997/ricb/src/models/utils.py
pointer only (licence: NONE) · get_code("6c9808199874e668")
subset_by_indices Ran valentyn1997/ricb/src/models/utils.py
pointer only (licence: NONE) · get_code("ea0026262f40cf93")
wass_dist Not yet run valentyn1997/ricb/src/models/utils.py
pointer only (licence: NONE) · get_code("a31d0b54f9a55ccc")

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Abstract

State-of-the-art methods for conditional average treatment effect (CATE) estimation make widespread use of representation learning. Here, the idea is to reduce the variance of the low-sample CATE estimation by a (potentially constrained) low-dimensional representation. However, low-dimensional representations can lose information about the observed confounders and thus lead to bias, because of which the validity of representation learning for CATE estimation is typically violated. In this paper, we propose a new, representation-agnostic refutation framework for estimating bounds on the representation-induced confounding bias that comes from dimensionality reduction (or other constraints on the representations) in CATE estimation. First, we establish theoretically under which conditions CATE is non-identifiable given low-dimensional (constrained) representations. Second, as our remedy, we propose a neural refutation framework which performs partial identification of CATE or, equivalently, aims at estimating lower and upper bounds of the representation-induced confounding bias. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our bounds in a series of experiments. In sum, our refutation framework is of direct relevance in practice where the validity of CATE estimation is of importance.

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