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Paper · 2406.01946 · NeurIPS · 2024

Bileve: Securing Text Provenance in Large Language Models Against Spoofing with Bi-level Signature

U Berkeley, Shaolei Ren, Xuandong Zhao, Tong Zhou, Xiaolin Xu

arXiv · PDF · Open in the Atlas

Code that ran

We lifted 6 functions out of this paper's own repositories and ran 5 of them in a sandbox. "Ran" means the function executed on a synthesized input and returned a value. It is not a reproduction of the paper's results.

RepositoryRoleRan
Tongzhou0101/Bileve-official canonical 4 of 5
tongzhou0101/bileve-official canonical 1 of 1
FunctionStatusWhere it lives
deletion_attack Ran Tongzhou0101/Bileve-official/edit.py
pointer only (licence: NOASSERTION) · get_code("d2daa1ecb4377554")
exp_sampling Ran tongzhou0101/bileve-official/bileve.py
pointer only (licence: NOASSERTION) · get_code("10189519bf49509e")
insertion_attack Ran Tongzhou0101/Bileve-official/edit.py
pointer only (licence: NOASSERTION) · get_code("98d61df60fb52e96")
nucleus_sampling Ran Tongzhou0101/Bileve-official/utils.py
pointer only (licence: NOASSERTION) · get_code("c708dd26a18ad6cb")
substitution_attack Ran Tongzhou0101/Bileve-official/edit.py
pointer only (licence: NOASSERTION) · get_code("279d81470398c513")
calculate_ppl Not yet run Tongzhou0101/Bileve-official/utils.py
pointer only (licence: NOASSERTION) · get_code("262b7a7cfae70913")

Repositories linked to this paper

Some links come from the archived Papers with Code dataset (CC BY-SA 4.0): attribution and licence.

Abstract

Text watermarks for large language models (LLMs) have been commonly used to identify the origins of machine-generated content, which is promising for assessing liability when combating deepfake or harmful content. While existing watermarking techniques typically prioritize robustness against removal attacks, unfortunately, they are vulnerable to spoofing attacks: malicious actors can subtly alter the meanings of LLM-generated responses or even forge harmful content, potentially leading to the wrongful attribution of blame to the LLM developer. To overcome this, we introduce a bi-level signature scheme, Bileve, which embeds fine-grained signature bits for integrity checks (mitigating spoofing attacks) as well as a coarse-grained signal to trace text sources when the signature is invalid (enhancing detectability) via a novel rank-based sampling strategy. Compared to conventional watermark detectors that only output binary results, Bileve can differentiate 5 scenarios during detection, reliably tracing text provenance and regulating LLMs. The experiments conducted on OPT-1.3B and LLaMA-7B demonstrate the effectiveness of Bileve in defeating spoofing attacks with enhanced detectability. Code is available at https://github.com/Tongzhou0101/Bileve-official.

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