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Paper · 2501.19285 · AAAI · 2025

OneBatchPAM: A Fast and Frugal K-Medoids Algorithm

Antoine De Mathelin, Mathilde Mougeot, Nicolas Vayatis, Nicolas Cecchi

arXiv · PDF · Open in the Atlas

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Abstract

This paper proposes a novel k-medoids approximation algorithm to handle large-scale datasets with reasonable computational time and memory complexity. We develop a localsearch algorithm that iteratively improves the medoid selection based on the estimation of the k-medoids objective. A single batch of size m ≪ n provides the estimation, which reduces the required memory size and the number of pairwise dissimilarities computations to O(mn), instead of O(n 2 ) compared to most k-medoids baselines. We obtain theoretical results highlighting that a batch of size m = O(log(n)) is sufficient to guarantee, with strong probability, the same performance as the original local-search algorithm. Multiple experiments conducted on real datasets of various sizes and dimensions show that our algorithm provides similar performances as state-of-the-art methods such as FasterPAM and BanditPAM++ with a drastically reduced running time.

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