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Paper · 2503.06550 · ICLR · 2025

BingoGuard: LLM Content Moderation Tools with Risk Levels

Chien-Sheng Wu, Caiming Xiong, Divyansh Agarwal, Fan Yin, Philippe Laban, Xiangyu Peng, Yilun Zhou, Yixin Mao, Vaibhav Vats, Linnea Ross, Harmbench… Wildguardtest

arXiv · PDF · Open in the Atlas

Code that ran

We lifted 3 functions out of this paper's own repositories and ran 3 of them in a sandbox. "Ran" means the function executed on a synthesized input and returned a value. It is not a reproduction of the paper's results.

RepositoryRoleRan
argilla-io/argilla canonical 3 of 3
FunctionStatusWhere it lives
full_qualified_class_name Ran argilla-io/argilla/argilla-server/src/argilla_server/logging.py
code served (permissive licence) · get_code("92ee2cd14509b1ec")
get_logger_for_class Ran argilla-io/argilla/argilla-server/src/argilla_server/logging.py
code served (permissive licence) · get_code("991c771d8d16fb58")
remove_suffix Ran argilla-io/argilla/argilla-server/src/argilla_server/helpers.py
code served (permissive licence) · get_code("506be8e0370a57fb")

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Abstract

Malicious content generated by large language models (LLMs) can pose varying degrees of harm. Although existing LLM-based moderators can detect harmful content, they struggle to assess risk levels and may miss lower-risk outputs. Accurate risk assessment allows platforms with different safety thresholds to tailor content filtering and rejection. In this paper, we introduce per-topic severity rubrics for 11 harmful topics and build BingoGuard, an LLM-based moderation system designed to predict both binary safety labels and severity levels. To address the lack of annotations on levels of severity, we propose a scalable generate-then-filter framework that first generates responses across different severity levels and then filters out lowquality responses. Using this framework, we create BingoGuardTrain, a training dataset with 54,897 examples covering a variety of topics, response severity, styles, and BingoGuardTest, a test set with 988 examples explicitly labeled based on our severity rubrics that enables fine-grained analysis on model behaviors on different severity levels. Our BingoGuard-8B, trained on BingoGuardTrain, achieves the state-of-the-art performance on several moderation benchmarks, including Wild-GuardTest and HarmBench, as well as BingoGuardTest, outperforming best public models, WildGuard, by 4.3%. Our analysis demonstrates that incorporating severity levels into training significantly enhances detection performance and enables the model to effectively gauge the severity of harmful responses. 1 Warning: this paper includes red-teaming examples that may be harmful in nature.

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