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Paper · 2506.14434 · ACL · 2025

Unifying Streaming and Non-streaming Zipformer-based ASR

Shashi Kumar, Andreas Stolcke, Malolan Chetlur, Bidisha Sharma, Karthik Durai, Shankar Venkatesan, Jeena Prakash, India Uniphore, Usa

arXiv · PDF · Open in the Atlas

Code that ran

We lifted 13 functions out of this paper's own repositories and ran 2 of them in a sandbox. "Ran" means the function executed on a synthesized input and returned a value. It is not a reproduction of the paper's results.

RepositoryRoleRan
k2-fsa/icefall canonical 0 of 11
k2-fsa/sherpa — 2 of 2
FunctionStatusWhere it lives
FrameReducer Ran k2-fsa/sherpa/triton/zipformer/model_repo_offline_bs/frame_reducer/1/model.py
code served (permissive licence) · get_code("913ef6ad7c628305")
make_pad_mask Ran k2-fsa/sherpa/triton/zipformer/model_repo_offline_bs/frame_reducer/1/model.py
code served (permissive licence) · get_code("3b57039980b0928c")
attach_diagnostics Not yet run k2-fsa/icefall/icefall/diagnostics.py
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average_checkpoints Not yet run k2-fsa/icefall/icefall/checkpoint.py
code served (permissive licence) · get_code("c90ec0af48b591a2")
byte_decode Not yet run k2-fsa/icefall/icefall/byte_utils.py
code served (permissive licence) · get_code("59d410aa19bdef96")
byte_encode Not yet run k2-fsa/icefall/icefall/byte_utils.py
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convert_alignments_to_tensor Not yet run k2-fsa/icefall/icefall/ali.py
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find_checkpoints Not yet run k2-fsa/icefall/icefall/checkpoint.py
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get_class_name Not yet run k2-fsa/icefall/icefall/diagnostics.py
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get_tensor_stats Not yet run k2-fsa/icefall/icefall/diagnostics.py
code served (permissive licence) · get_code("d6c6ed911b29d8a6")
load_alignments Not yet run k2-fsa/icefall/icefall/ali.py
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lookup_alignments Not yet run k2-fsa/icefall/icefall/ali.py
code served (permissive licence) · get_code("a1f5678203ff47e8")
smart_byte_decode Not yet run k2-fsa/icefall/icefall/byte_utils.py
code served (permissive licence) · get_code("226350299950338b")

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Abstract

There has been increasing interest in unifying streaming and non-streaming automatic speech recognition (ASR) models to reduce development, training, and deployment costs. We present a unified framework that trains a single end-to-end ASR model for both streaming and non-streaming applications, leveraging future context information. We propose to use dynamic right-context through the chunked attention masking in the training of zipformer-based ASR models. We demonstrate that using rightcontext is more effective in zipformer models compared to other conformer models due to its multi-scale nature. We analyze the effect of varying the number of right-context frames on accuracy and latency of the streaming ASR models. We use Librispeech and large in-house conversational datasets to train different versions of streaming and non-streaming models and evaluate them in a production grade serverclient setup across diverse testsets of different domains. The proposed strategy reduces word error by relative 7.9% with a small degradation in user-perceived latency. By adding more right-context frames, we are able to achieve streaming performance close to that of nonstreaming models. Our approach also allows flexible control of the latency-accuracy tradeoff according to customers requirements.

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