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Paper · 2608.12695 · 2026

The Impact of Temporal Context Length and Encoding Strategies on Self-Supervised ECG Representation Learning

Yogatheesan Varatharajah, Ahmed Sameh, Ramzi Al-Sharawi

arXiv · PDF · Open in the Atlas

Code that ran

We lifted 8 functions out of this paper's own repositories and ran 7 of them in a sandbox. "Ran" means the function executed on a synthesized input and returned a value. It is not a reproduction of the paper's results.

RepositoryRoleRan
muha-0/ecg-ssl-representation-learning canonical 7 of 8
FunctionStatusWhere it lives
average_precision Ran muha-0/ecg-ssl-representation-learning/eval/metrics.py
code served (permissive licence) · get_code("61b235ee7c0e69cc")
compute_metrics Ran muha-0/ecg-ssl-representation-learning/eval/metrics.py
code served (permissive licence) · get_code("140160542a17a7b4")
embed_probe_set Ran muha-0/ecg-ssl-representation-learning/eval/convergence.py
code served (permissive licence) · get_code("1ce9ae6a8c5847ee")
get_tsne_embeddings Ran muha-0/ecg-ssl-representation-learning/eval/t_sne.py
code served (permissive licence) · get_code("d5a48d160133173d")
info_nce Ran muha-0/ecg-ssl-representation-learning/models/losses.py
code served (permissive licence) · get_code("73714c075bb607a4")
load_offline_codebook Ran muha-0/ecg-ssl-representation-learning/codebooks/build_codebook.py
code served (permissive licence) · get_code("f137c5dc0b1e879e")
recall_at_k Ran muha-0/ecg-ssl-representation-learning/eval/convergence.py
code served (permissive licence) · get_code("df1982d38efa426b")
auc_roc Not yet run muha-0/ecg-ssl-representation-learning/eval/metrics.py
code served (permissive licence) · get_code("58a4de22ca48c55a")

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Abstract

Self-supervised electrocardiogram (ECG) models are often trained on a few seconds of ECG signal and, increasingly, on discretized token sequences. It remains unclear whether these choices sacrifice information needed for rhythm inference and longitudinal consistency in real-world ambulatory recordings. We present a controlled study on the Icentia11k single-lead dataset that varies (i) the input horizon (16 seconds, 1 minute, 5 minutes, and 10 minutes) and (ii) the front-end representation (continuous convolutional patch embeddings vs. fixed vector-quantized tokens), while holding the Transformer backbone and training protocol constant. Representations are assessed by downstream abnormal rhythm detection and by patient-level retrieval that probes cross-session stability. Our results show that increasing temporal context beyond 16-second snapshots yields stronger transfer and higher retrieval accuracy, with the strongest performance achieved by the 5-and 10-minute models, indicating improved capture of slow-varying rhythm dynamics and individual-specific structure. Across all evaluated horizons, continuous patch embeddings outperform discretized tokens, suggesting that quantization can discard clinically relevant waveform detail. These findings motivate ECG foundation models that emphasize extended context and continuous encoders for clinical prediction and similarity-based applications. Our code and pretrained models are publicly available at https: //github.com/muha-0/ecg-ssl-representation-learning.

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